[The experience of organization of combined screening of uterine neck cancer in the Republic of Bashkortostan].

The article considers organizational issues of cervical cancer screening in the Russian Federation. In particular, experience of implementation of the Project "HPV testing within the framework of combined cervical cancer screening (HPV and cytologic screening) in the Republic of Bashkortostan is considered. The cervical cancer is a widespread disease that requires early diagnosis and timely medical care. The main aspects of organization of medical care of patients with gynecological diseases in relevant normative legal regulatory documents are described. The algorithm and scheme of routing patients with suspected cervical cancer and with this disease are presented. The study covered more than 60,000 women aged 30-39 years from 14 medical organizations of Ufa. Such methods as sociological, statistical, analytical, content-analysis and organizational experiment were applied. The study permitted to substantiate and to approve both the Project "HPV testing as part of combined screening for cervical cancer (HPV screening and cytologic screening) and the algorithm of combined screening of cervical cancer during preventive examinations of female adult population aged 30-39 years of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The scheme was developed for routing patients with suspected cervical cancer or diagnosed disease to medical organizations for timely medical care support. By implementing developed routing and screening scheme for patients at risk of developing cervical cancer, as well as those who already suffer this pathology, it is possible to improve quality of organization and delivery of medical care, to reduce morbidity, mortality and disability because of this pathology and to assure early diagnosis and prevention of cervical cancer.

Prevalence of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideas and associated factors, in particular sensory impairments, in a population of Bashkortostan in Russia.

To assess prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideas in populations from Russia, we conducted in rural and urban regions in Bashkortostan/Russia two population-based studies (Ural Eye and Medical Study (UEMS), performed from 2015 to 2017; Ural Very Old Study (UVOS), performed from 2017 to 2020) which included participants aged 40 + years and 85 + years, respectively. Depression was assessed using the questionnaire of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Scoresheet, and anxiety was examined applying the State Trait Inventory Anxiety Test. Suicidal ideas were explored by the question whether suicide had previously been thought of or attempted (and if yes, for what reasons). In the statistical analysis we assessed the mean of the main outcome parameter (depression score and anxiety score) and searched for associations between these parameters and other parameters in univariable and multivariable regression analyses. In the UEMS with 5893 individuals (age: 59.0 ± 10.7 years; range 40-94 years), higher depression score and anxiety score were associated (multivariable analysis) with more marked hearing loss (beta: 0.07; P < 0.001, and beta: 0.07; P < 0.0012, respectively) and worse visual acuity (beta: 0.04; P = 0.02; and beta: 0.03; P = 0.03, resp.), in addition to female sex, Russian ethnicity, lower educational level, less alcohol consumption, weaker hand grip strength, less physical activity, and higher prevalence of dry eye disease. Attempted suicide was reported by 88 (1.5%; 95% CI 1.2, 1.8) participants. Having thought of suicide within the last 6 months was reported by 63 (1.1%) individuals. Out of 1491 UVOS participants (age: 88.2 ± 2.8 years; range 85-100 years) with a mean depression score of 20.0 ± 10.3 (median 18; range 0-58), 916 (61.4%; 95% CI 59.0, 63.9) fulfilled the definition of depression (depressions core ≥ 16). Higher depression score and higher anxiety score correlated (multivariable analysis) with higher hearing loss score (beta: 0.07; P = 0.02, and beta: 0.08; P = 0.009, resp.) and worse visual acuity (beta: 0.13; P < 0.001, and beta: 0.09; P = 0.007, resp.), in addition to female sex, urban region, less physical activity, less fruit intake, and lower cognitive function. Overall, 15 (1.0%; 95% CI 0.50, 1.50) individuals had attempted or thought of suicide. In conclusion, the findings suggest that besides female sex, lower level of education and lower cognitive function, it was sensory impairment, namely vision and hearing impairment, which belonged to the determinants of depression and anxiety in these populations from Russia.

[The certain aspects of organization of medical care of women in period of pregnancy and delivery in the Republic of Bashkortostan].

Health protection of women of reproductive age is a priority direction of state policy. In protection of reproductive health of women no small importance is played by development of organization of primary medical sanitary care and specialized medical care of women during pregnancy and delivery. The study was carried out in the Republic of Bashkortostan and covered period of 2017-2021. It was established that the number of women of fertility age decreased up to 3,9% that became one of causes of reduction of birth rate from 12.1‰ to 9.8‰ respectively. At that, the level of maternal mortality increased up to 8.9 times (from 4.1 to 36.8 per 100,000 born alive). In 2021, out of 37,775 women who completed their pregnancy, 99.3% were examined by therapist and only 92.2% passed such an examination prior to 12 weeks of their pregnancy. On the gestation period of 11-4 weeks, 91.3 % of pregnant women were subjected to ultrasound examination of fetus with detection of maternal serum markers and 94.4% of pregnant women were examined at the 19-21 weeks of pregnancy. Among pregnant women, rate of diseases and pathological conditions that preceded or developed during pregnancy slightly increased. Increasing of morbidity of anemia, diseases of endocrine system, including diabetes mellitus, was noted. The deterioration of particular indicators of organization of medical care of women according to profile "obstetrics and gynecology" occurred during period of COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of three-level system of organization of medical care resulted in significant reduction of number of obstetric and gynecological hospital beds.

[Multiple sclerosis in the Republic of Bashkortostan: population-specific genetic predictors and the results of a 20-year clinical follow-up study]. / Rasseyannyi skleroz v Respublike Bashkortostan: populyatsionno-spetsificheskie geneticheskie prediktory i rezul'taty 20-letnego klinicheskogo nablyudeniya.

OBJECTIVE: Identification of a complex of genetic predictors of multiple sclerosis (MS) based on previously obtained results in genome-wide association studies of disease markers (GWAS markers) in a population of MS patients and healthy individuals of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russian Federation) using polygenic detection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The total study group consisted of 2048 people (641 patients with MS and 1407 healthy individuals) who permanently resided in the Republic of Bashkortostan and belonged to the Bashkir (n=325), Russian (n=772) or Tatar (n=951) nationalities. The analysis of association between MS and polymorphisms previously associated with the disease according to GWAS data was performed. Of the 641 MS patients, 247 were the subject of a 20-year prospective clinical follow-up. RESULTS: The C6orf10 rs3129934*T allele was most significantly associated with MS in Russians (OR=2.00, P=5.85·10-5) and Tatars (OR=2.38, P=8.61·10-7). An increased MS risk in Russians was also associated with the EOMES rs11129295*T (OR=1.56, P=0.007) and IL7R rs1494558*I (OR=1.61, P=0.003) alleles. Meta-analysis confirmed the association of the C6orf10 rs3129934*T, EOMES rs11129295*T and IL7R rs1494558*I alleles with MS in the total group, as well as revealed associations of the INAVA rs7522462*G, IL7R rs10624573*I, CD6 rs17824933*G, GPC5 rs9523762*A and GPR65 rs2119704*C alleles with the disease. Using polygenic analysis, we identified a complex predictor C6orf10 rs3129934*C + INAVA rs7522462*G + CD6 rs17824933*C with a pronounced protective effect against MS in the total group (OR=0.34, PFDR=2.65·10-7). CONCLUSION: We reproduced the association of eight polymorphisms (C6orf10 rs3129934, INAVA rs7522462, IL7R rs10624573, EOMES rs11129295, GPR65 rs2119704, GPC5 rs9523762, CD6 rs17824933 and CD58 rs2300747) with MS, previously identified in GWAS in European populations. Whole exome or genome sequencing may help to reveal the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of MS in populations of the Russian Federation.

Targeted next-generation sequencing of 21 candidate genes in hereditary ovarian cancer patients from the Republic of Bashkortostan.

About 5-10% of all ovarian cancer cases show familial clustering, and some 15-25% of familial ovarian cancer cases are mediated by high-penetrance mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Only few other genes have been identified for familial ovarian cancer.We conducted targeted next-generation sequencing of the protein coding region of 21 candidate genes, including UTR regions, in genomic DNA samples of 48 patients with familial ovarian cancer from the Republic of Bashkortostan. We identified deleterious variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, MSH6 and NBN in a total of 16 patients (33%). The NBN truncating variant, p.W143X, had not previously been reported. Seven patients (15%) were carriers of the c.5266dupC variant in BRCA1, supporting a Russian origin of this founder allele. An additional 15 variants of uncertain clinical significance were observed. We conclude that our gene panel explains about one-third of familial ovarian cancer risk in the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Soil fertility analysis in the Republic of Bashkortostan.

The manuscript presents the materials of soil fertility analysis of agricultural lands in the north-eastern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the conditions of the Salavatskiy district of the republic (Russian Federation). Agrochemical analysis of the humus accumulation, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium was carried out, morphological properties were studied, the thickness of the humus horizon, granulometric composition and soil erosion were determined. During the 49-year period of agricultural land use, it was revealed some of the medium-humus soils passed into the category of high-humus, caused by the fact that the arable lands were not used for cultivating crops and they were withdrawn from circulation and sown with many-year-old grasses. As to the thickness of the humus horizon, low-yielding soils predominate, which occupy 60.11%, average 32.9%. The main land area belongs to slightly washed soils of 67,445.2 ha (58.2%) and unwashed 36,985.5 ha (31.9%). Agricultural lands are mainly characterized as medium-humus (80.3%) and obese (12.1%) ones. Based on the results of the research, an adjustment, digitization and a new soil map of the Salavatskiy district was made with the allocation of the main types and subtypes of soils with the indication of varieties on a scale of 1:25,000.

[EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS AND CERVICAL CANCER IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN AND THE KALININGRAD REGION].

In the context of improving cancer prevention programs, it becomes relevant to justify the introduction of regional HPV cervical cancer screening programs based on a study of the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer. Aim: to identify the main patterns of the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer in Bashkortostan and the Kaliningrad region for the scientific substantiation of the criteria for the adoption of regional screening programs. A prospective analytical cohort single-stage observational examination of 3428 women of the Republic of Bashkortostan and 1246 women of the Kaliningrad region was carried out, as well as a retrospective observational analytical study of cervical cancer incidence in Bashkiria and the Kaliningrad region according to the official statistics from 2011 to 2020 compared to Russian indicators. In Bashkortostan and the Kaliningrad region, HPV DNA was detected in 48.7% and 54.2% of women of reproductive age, respectively, of which HPV of high oncogenic risk (HPV HR) was 51.7 ± 6.2%, and 23.4% were found to have PCM . In the Kaliningrad region, HPV DNA was detected in 47.2% of the women under study, HPV VR - 31.1%, in 25.5% accompanied by cervix uteri diseases. An increase in the incidence is noted in the Kaliningrad region by 38.6% over 10 years, with an annual increase of 3.8%. In Bashkortostan, the growth is demonstrated by 31.8% with an annual increase of 3%, which is significantly higher than in the Russian Federation (13.3%, р=0.001). For 10 years, the prevalence of cervical cancer has increased in the Kaliningrad region by 10.1%, with an average annual increase of 1.1%. In Bashkortostan, the prevalence of CSM increased by 4.7% with an annual increase of 0.3%. The high prevalence of HPV infection among women of reproductive age, the unfavorable dynamics of indicators of cervical HPV-associated oncopathology in remote regions of the Russian Federation (Bashkiria and the Kaliningrad region) is a scientifically based criterion for the reorganization of regional cervical screening programs. The implementation of Organized screening with primary HPV examination with mandatory separate genotyping of types 16 and 18 and the remaining 12 types of HPV HRC in a complex will enhance the effectiveness of ongoing preventive measures and meet international standards.

[The social economic aspects of disability resulted from diseases of peripheral nervous system].

The diseases of peripheral nervous system (PNS diseases) are diagnosed in 48%-72% of workers in various branches of economy. They made up more than half of all occupational diseases and are the main cause of labor ability and of high level of disability able-bodied population. The purpose of the study is to assess social economic importance of disability because of PNS diseases of able-bodied population in the Republic of Bashkortostan. It is established that in 2014-2018 about 107 individuals of able-bodied age for the first time became disabled because of PNS diseases. The average annual level of individuals of able-bodied age with for the first time established disabilities because of PNS diseases made up to 0.1 cases per 10 thousand of population. Among the disabled 69.0 ± 5.4% are males. The disability rate in males (0.142o/ooo) is twice higher than in females (0.063o/ooo). The average age of the disabled is 48.7 ± 5.7 years. In the structure of disability dominate lumbosacral radiculopathy (50.9%), polyneuropathy of upper (15.3%) and lower (13.5%) extremities. In average, the disability develops in 11.3 years prior to age of 60 years and on 3.8-5.5 years earlier than in case of other diseases. The disability because of PNS diseases shortens healthy life expectancy by 16.0% in males and by 17.8% in females. Annual economic losses come to more than 26 million rubles of non-produced production. The disability because of PNS consists significant social economic problem of society and requires increased attention to prevention, early diagnostics, treatment, improvement of quality of medical social expertise, rehabilitation and habilitation.

[The influence of social economic factors on level of morbidity of psoriasis among adult population of the Republic of Bashkortostan].

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To assess the social economic factors of development of morbidity of psoriasis in adult population within a separate region as exemplified by the Republic of Bashkortostan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The non-linear dynamic prognostic regression model with panel data was applied to establish role of social economic factors in development of morbidity of psoriasis in adult population. The model-based indicator is rate of total adult morbidity of psoriasis in 51 municipalities and 7 urban districts in 2014-2018. The factor space was generated by ten groups. THE RESULTS: The regression coefficients (elasticity) were obtained for every group of social economic factors. With increasing of factor of harmful emissions into atmosphere by 100.0%, morbidity of psoriasis in all municipalities can increase on average by 7.0% (elasticity coefficient -0.07). With increasing of economic well-being and incomes of population by 1.0%, a decrease of morbidity of psoriasis by 1.55% is possible. With changing of number of workers employed in harmful production by 100.0%, morbidity of psoriasis in adult population decreases on average by 3.9% (elasticity coefficient -0.39). The specific number of unemployed population (the unemployed, pensioners) and factor of social psychological stress in society turned out to be insignificant. The elasticity factor of level of support of population with public health resources was 0.08. At theoretical opportunity of increasing health care resources up to 100.0%, morbidity of psoriasis in adult population of municipalities can increase on average by 8.0%. CONCLUSION: The overall morbidity of psoriasis in adult population of the Republic of Bashkortostan is positively affected by economic development of municipality and level of urbanization. The unfavorable environmental factors have impact negatively. The increasing of volume of health care resources (provision of population with medical personnel, number of beds of day-and-night and daytime stay, capacity of polyclinic institutions, etc.) may result in increasing of morbidity of psoriasis in municipalities as consequence of increased accessibility of medical care. The study results can be applied in planning health care within the framework of medical care support of patients with chronic dermatitis in the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Multilocus evaluation of genetic predictors of multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies identified numerous susceptibility loci for multiple sclerosis in populations of European ancestry, but the associations are not always reproducible in other populations due to admixture and different linkage disequilibrium patterns obscuring true association signals. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to identify genetic predictors of multiple sclerosis in three ethnically homogenous populations from the Volga-Ural region of Russian Federation. METHODS: In the largest to date study of multiple sclerosis in Russian population, involving 2048 participants from the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation (641 patients with multiple sclerosis and 1407 unaffected individuals), we performed replication analysis of previously identified genome-wide signals for multiple sclerosis. Associations were tested using logistic regression analysis under additive genetic model adjusted for sex. Meta-analysis of the study results in three populations was performed under fixed effects and random effects models. RESULTS: We demonstrate the association with multiple sclerosis of the five variants (INAVA rs7522462, EOMES rs11129295, C6orf10 rs3129934, CD86 rs9282641, and GPR65 rs2119704). The strongest association (OR = 2.16, CI:1.85-2.74, P = 2.53x10-13) was detected for rs3129934 polymorphism in the major histocompatibility region. Multilocus analysis has revealed 322 and 27 allelic patterns associated with multiple sclerosis in women and men, respectively. In women, the highest risk of MS was conferred by C6orf10 rs3129934*T/T + STAT3 rs744166*T combination (OR = 11.87), in men - by C6orf10 rs3129934*T + EOMES rs11129295*C + RPS6KB1 rs180515*C combination (OR = 3.25). CONCLUSION: We confirm five associations with multiple sclerosis previously reported in genome-wide scans in Europeans in three ethnic groups from the Volga-Ural region of Russia.

[SYMBIOSIS OF APITERAPY AND TOURIST - RECREATIONAL RESOURCES IN HEALTH TOURISM AS A FACTOR OF EFFECTIVE POST-COVIDAL HEALTH].

The article discusses the possibilities and prospects of using apitherapy in health tourism in Bashkortostan. The features of the development of beekeeping in the republic and the prospects for the use of beekeeping products in the restoration of the immune system, improvement of the psychological state of the consequences of covid in the conditions of tourist and recreational centers of the region are considered. A health-improving tourist product with the use of apitherapy has been developed. The Bashkirsky Med brand is widely known not only in Russia, but also abroad. The list of measures for the development of beekeeping in the republic includes support for scientific developments in the field of apitherapy. The article examines apitourism as a promising type of tourism in Bashkortostan. It can become one of the most popular types of health tourism and attract not only Russian, but also foreign tourists.

[ECONOMIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF STATE REGULATION OF THE HEALTH SECTOR IN THE REGION IN A COMPLEX EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION].

The article discusses the organizational and economic aspects of state regulation of the health sector, with special attention paid to the period of the pandemic. An analysis of state federal and regional health programs is carried out, an overview of state programs aimed at supporting medical workers during the spread of a new coronavirus infection is presented. The article presents the results of a sociological survey of medical workers in the Republic of Bashkortostan, conducted by the authors. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were developed for improving the healthcare system in a difficult epidemiological situation.

[Indicators of stroke morbidity and mortality from stroke in the territories included in the Federal program of caring for patients with stroke]. / Pokazateli zabolevaemosti insul'tom i smertnosti ot nego na territoriyakh, voshedshikh v Federal'nuyu programmu reorganizatsii pomoshchi patsientam s insul'tomm.

OBJECTIVE: To study and analyze the dynamics of stroke morbidity and mortality rates among men and women in the territories included in the Federal program for the reorganization of care for stroke patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was based on data from the territorial-population register of strokes. The study included the following territories: Ivanovo region, Stavropol territory, the Republic of Bashkortostan, Sverdlovsk region, Irkutsk region, Sakhalin region, and the Republic of Tatarstan. Research period was from 2009 to 2016. A total of 29 779 stroke cases were analyzed. The age of the examined people was 25 years and older. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the study areas, a 2.2 - fold decrease in stroke mortality among men and a 3-fold decrease among women was found. The values of morbidity and mortality from stroke over the entire study period were higher among men. It was also revealed that in 2015-2016, the mortality rate was in a narrow range of values, which demonstrates the impact of comprehensive measures to reduce stroke mortality in all the studied territories. The results of cluster analysis of stroke incidence rates obtained from seven territories over an 8-year period indicate similar measures for primary stroke prevention among men. Among women, there are also similarities in primary stroke prevention measures, with the exception of two regions - the Stavropol territory (4.8 cases per 1000 population) and the Republic of Tatarstan (4.5 cases per 1000 population), where the highest values of the stroke incidence rate were found. The results of cluster analysis of stroke mortality rates among men indicate a fairly large variation in the indicator values. The dominant value of the stroke mortality rate among men was found in the Sakhalin region (1.61 per 1000 population). The significance of stroke mortality rates among women in the regions was similar: six territories with similar levels of values were identified. The exception was the Stavropol territory (2.48 cases per 1000 population), where the highest death rate from stroke was revealed.

Cytogenetic features of buccal epithelium under exposure to harmful factors of metallurgical production.

At the present stage of development of society, the issues of preserving and strengthening the most important productive force that determine the economic development and national security of the country remain relevant. Metallurgy is one of the basic industries in Russia, which forms up to 20% of GDP. This study assesses the condition of the oral mucosa in workers in the industry. To evaluate the formation of micronuclei in buccal cells as an early biomarker of health disorders as a result of occupational exposure to production factors of a metallurgical plant. Hygienic and clinical laboratory tests were carried out for workers of the metallurgical plant of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Cytological studies of the buccal epithelium were performed. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the applied programs IBM, SPSS, Statistics, Microsoft Excel. The general assessment of working conditions in accordance with the criteria of R.2.2.2006-05 for workers of the metallurgical plant was established as 3.2-3.3. Analysis of the buccal epithelium revealed the occurrence of cells with cytogenetic disorders in the workers of the main group. Cells with atypical nuclei were identified in workers with a duration of contact with unfavorable factors of production for more than ten years. Signs of nuclear destruction were revealed, characterizing an increase in apoptotic activity in workers with prolonged contact times. Studies have shown that with more than 10 years of work experience, proliferation processes prevail over differentiation processes. The results obtained can be used as diagnostic methods that expand the prospects for identifying pre-pathological and pathological conditions.

[The indices of Morbidity and Mortality of acute pancreatitis as indicator of medical care condition on regional level].

The high digital incidence rates of acute pancreatitis world-wide and the death rates from its destructive forms explain the great interest to this problem. Among diseases of gastrointestinal tract, this pathology is characterized by variety of clinical manifestations, frequent severe complications, difficult choice of proper tactics of treatment and severe prognosis of development of disease. The gallstone disease, alcohol abuse are among most common causes of development of disease. However, it is important to study statistical indices of prevalence and mortality of acute pancreatitis at the regional level. The purpose of study was to analyze incidence and mortality of acute pancreatitis in 2010-2018. The indices were analyzed in the region as a whole and as well as in the Medical Districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The incidence of acute pancreatitis had period of acute upraise in 2010 (86.5) and 2018 (76.6). At the same time, mortality since 2011 (4.7) was characterized by slight increasing and up to 2018 it almost doubled (8.1). The overall picture demonstrates increasing of mentioned indices in the region. In case of acute pancreatitis, mortality increased from 7.4 in 2010 to 10.5 in 2018. It can be explained by increasing incidence of destructive forms of disease, when severe and sometimes fatal complications often develop. In the republic nine medical districts were organized making possible to judge more clearly the change in morbidity and mortality depending on the territorial affiliation. The analysis of these statistical indices for medical districts demonstrated objectivity of assessing state of medical care. In particular districts (Birsk, Neftekamsk), timely retrospective assessment of morbidity and mortality rates of acute pancreatitis and the comprehensive measures resulted in their stabilization and even decreasing. A clear record of medical records, considering all sick and dead from acute pancreatitis, helps to improve organizational, preventive and therapeutic measures.

Prevalence and associated factors of glaucoma in the Russian Ural Eye and Medical Study.

To assess the prevalence and associated factors of glaucoma in a Russian population. The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (mean age 59.0 ± 10.7 years; range 40-94 years). Glaucomatous optic neuropathy was diagnosed using International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria. Among 5545 participants with assessable optic disc photographs, 246 individuals [4.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9, 5.0] had glaucoma, with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in 177 individuals (3.2%; 95% CI 2.7, 3.7) and angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) in 69 individuals (1.2; 95% CI 1.0, 1.5), with IOP > 21 mmHg in 79 (32.1%) patients, and with 80 (32.5%) patients on glaucoma therapy. Glaucoma prevalence increased from 3/485 (0.6%; 95% CI 0.0, 1.3) in the age group of 40-45 years to 33/165 (20.0%; 95% CI 13.8, 26.2) in the group aged 80 + years. Higher OAG prevalence correlated with older age [odds ratio (OR) 1.07; 95% CI 1.04, 1.09; P < 0.001], longer axial length (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.17, 1.58; P < 0.001), higher intraocular pressure (IOP) (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.13, 1.23; P < 0.001), higher stage of lens pseudoexfoliation (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.08, 1.47; P = 0.004) and lower diastolic blood pressure (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96, 0.99; P = 0.035). Higher ACG prevalence correlated with older age (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03, 1.11; P < 0.001), narrower anterior chamber angle (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.77, 0.86; P < 0.001), and higher IOP (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.23, 1.38; P < 0.001). Glaucoma caused moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI) in 9 (4.9%; 95% CI 1.8, 8.1) out of 184 individuals with MSVI (OAG, n = 7; ACG, n = 2), and blindness in one (9.1%) of 11 blind individuals. In this population from Russia, two thirds of glaucoma patients were not on therapy, and in two thirds of the glaucoma patients IOP was ≤ 21 mmHg. Otherwise, glaucoma prevalence, OAG-to-ACG ratio, and glaucoma associations did not differ markedly from Caucasian and East Asian populations.

[The analysis of association between multiple sclerosis and genetic markers identified in genome-wide association studies]. / Analiz assotsiatsii s rasseyannym sklerozom geneticheskikh markerov predraspolozhennosti, vyyavlennykh v rezul'tate polnogenomnykh issledovanii.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to analyse the association with multiple sclerosis of the genetic markers of autoimmune disorders identified in genome-wide association studies in ethnically homogenous groups of Russians and Tatars residing in the Republic of Bashkortostan. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed genotyping of the genetic variants rs2069762 in IL2 gene, rs759648 in PVT1 gene, rs1800682 in FAS gene and rs12708716 in CLEC16A gene in the study group consisting of 1724 people (547 patients with multiple sclerosis, 1177 representatives of the control group). We analysed the association of the studied genetic markers with multiple sclerosis using logistic regression under additive genetic model implemented in PLINK program with sex a covariate. RESULTS: In the group of Tatars, we detected an association of PVT1 rs759648*Callele with multiple sclerosis (OR=1.42, p=0,023). Meta-analysis of the study results in the two ethnic groups we confirmed the association of the PVT1 rs759648*C allele with the disease (random effects model and fixed effect model: OR=1.29, p=0,018). CONCLUSION: Our results provide an evidence of an association between multiple sclerosis and the PVT1 rs759648 allele in the populations of Russian and Tatars from the Republic of Bashkortostan. No association with any other studied polymorphic variant was found in the two ethnic groups.

[The dynamics of demographic indices in the Republic of Bashkortostan].

The article presents results of analysis of demographic indices in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The primary data for analysis was acquired from official public statistics. The dynamics of fertility and mortality indices in 1985-2018 is described. The prognostication of indices dynamics up to 2025 was made. The distribution of mortality indices by gender, age, causes of death, place of residence is proposed for 2012, 2015 and 2018. Four periods with increasing or decreasing of fertility and mortality was allocated. The linear correlation made up to r = -0.492, p<0.01, i.e., with decreasing of birth rate increasing in mortality occurred. The assessment of dynamics of mortality in 2015-2018 established that young age groups (15-29 years old) are characterized by significant increasing of mortality in every subsequent age group as compared with previous age group. Between 2012 and 2018, total mortality decreased from 13.2 ‰ to 12.4 ‰. Males and females aged 40-44 and females aged 45-49 and 50-54 had such negative trend as increasing of mortality as compared with 2012 and 2015. The decreasing of indices of overall mortality occurred only among males. In males, mortality rate exceeded mortality rate in females up to 1.33 times in 2012, up to 1.29 times in 2015 and up to 1.23 times in 2018. The mortality rate of rural population is 1.3 times higher than mortality rate of urban population. While mortality rate of able-bodied population is 1.4 times higher. The increasing of mortality occurred due to malignant neoplasms, while the growth rate was more pronounced among rural population as compared with urban population. The mortality of respiratory diseases is more than 2 times higher in rural areas and of diseases of the digestive system is 1.5 times higher among rural population. The established growth trends in mortality among rural population due to respiratory and digestive diseases and decreasing of mortality of diseases of the circulatory system and significant decreasing of such cases as "elder age" can be explained by probability of defects in encoding of causes of death.

[On situation with occupational allergic morbidity in modern conditions].

The article presents new research data concerning characteristics of formation, prevalence, identification of the main nosological forms of occupational allergic morbidity in various districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It is demonstrated that in the structure of occupational pathology diseases of allergic etiology take significant place varying from 16,8% to 23,7%. One of the important trends is development of preventive measures for development and propagation of occupational allergic diseases.

Prevalence of and factors associated with low Back pain, thoracic spine pain and neck pain in Bashkortostan, Russia: the Ural Eye and Medical Study.

BACKGROUND: Back pain and neck pain are leading causes of the burden of disease worldwide, while information about their prevalence in Russia is missing. METHODS: The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study was conducted in a rural and urban region in Bashkortostan/Russia. As part of a detailed systematic examination, we assessed the prevalence of low back pain, thoracic spine pain and neck pain in an interview with standardized questions in 5397 study participants (mean age:58.6 ± 10.6 years;range:40-94 years). RESULTS: The mean prevalence of low back pain, thoracic spine pain and neck pain was 2912/5397 (54.0%;95% confidence interval (CI):52.6,55.3), 1271/5397 (23.6%;95%CI:22.4,24.7), and 1570/5397 (29.1%;95%CI:27.9,30.3), respectively. A higher prevalence of low back pain was associated with females (P = 0.04;odds ratio (OR):1.14;95%CI:1.004,1.30), younger age (P < 0.001;OR:0.99;95%CI:0.98,0.99), higher body mass index (P = 0.002;OR:1.02;95%CI:1.01,1.03), lower frequency of vigorous activities during leisure time (P = 0.001;OR:0.79;95%CI:0.69,0.90), more time spent sitting and reclining (P = 0.03;OR:1.00;95%CI:1.00,1.00), higher serum concentration of high-density lipoproteins (P = 0.004;OR:1.10;95%CI:1.03,1.18), higher prothrombin index (P = 0.003;OR:1.01;95%CI:1.003,1.01), higher prevalence of a history of cardiovascular disease (P = 0.004;OR:1.23;95%CI:1.07,1.42), falls (P < 0.004;OR:1.71;95%CI:1.45,2.00), bone fractures (P = 0.01;OR:1.18;95% CI:1.03,1.34), unconsciousness (P < 0.001;OR:1.78;95%CI:1.40,2.25), osteoarthritis (P < 0.001;OR:2.76;95%CI:2.34,3.26), iron-deficiency anemia (P < 0.001;OR:1.87;95%CI:1.41,2.50), and thyroid disorder (P = 0.004;OR:1.37;95%CI:1.10,1.70), fewer days of vegetable intake (P < 0.001;OR:0.89;95%CI:0.85,0.93), smaller amounts of salt intake (P = 0.008;OR:0.97;95%CI:0.94,0.99), higher anxiety score (P < 0.001;OR:1.05;95%CI:1.03,1.06), and in women, history of menopause (P = 0.02;OR:1.36;95%CI:1.05,1.75). The prevalence of thoracic spine pain and neck pain showed similar associations. CONCLUSIONS: In a Russian population, the prevalence of low back pain, thoracic spine pain and neck pain (54.0, 23.6 and 29.1%, respectively) were correlated with parameters such as the female sex, younger age, higher body mass index, higher anxiety score, higher prevalence of a history of cardiovascular disease, lower frequency of vigorous activities and more time spent sitting or reclining. These data may be of interest for assessing the burden of back and neck pain in Russia as part of the global burden of disease.